基础英语|小学英语必备的基础知识都在这里啦,很实用
1.字母:26个字母的年夜小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

2.音标:48个音标
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:年夜小写,标点符号
语法常识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一样平常环境,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“子音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规矩名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice,child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
弗成数名词的复数便是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有性命的器械的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名词中,假如把 ’s加在末了一个名词后,表现共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l要表现所有物不是共有的,应分离在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表现无性命器械的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表现所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a / an
元音开首的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词:the
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)发言两边都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不消冠词的环境:
(1)专著名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表现一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类活动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称谓或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
三、代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词物主代词
主格宾格
第一
人称单数I(我)memy(我的)
复数we(我们)usour(我们的)
第二
人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)
复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)
第三
人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)
she(她)herher(她的)
it(它)itits(它的)
复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)
形容词,副词:比拟级,第一流
(一)、形容词的比拟级
1、形容词比拟级在句子中的运用:两个事物某人的比拟用比拟级,比拟级后面一样平常带有单词than。比拟级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表现水平。than后的人称代词用主格(白话中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规矩:
⑴ 一样平常在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个子音字母结尾,应双写末端的子音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以“子音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规矩形容词比拟级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比拟级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一样平常处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比拟级的变化规矩根本与形容词比拟级雷同(不规矩变化:well-better, far-farther)
四、数词:基数词、序数词
基数词
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中央加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)一样平常在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规矩变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀
基变序,有纪律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y酿成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰着几十几,前用基来后用序。
五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表现光阴观点的某一个点。(在某时候、光阴、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、正午)
2.on
1)表现详细日期。
注:(1)关于公众在周末公众的几种表现法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
during the weekend在周末时代
(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时刻。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给怙恃打了一个德律风。
3.in
1)表现"大众时段公众、"大众时期公众,在多半环境下可以和during交换,前者强调对照,后者强调连续。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十仲春、二十世纪)
六、动词:动词的四种时态:
(1)一样平常如今时:
一样平常如今时的组成
1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行动动词:主语+行动动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们进修英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加公众-s"大众或"大众-es"大众。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规矩
1.一样平常环境下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“子音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一样平常曩昔时:
动词曩昔式详解 动词的曩昔式的组成规矩有:
A、规矩动词
① 一样平常直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以子音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是子音字母加y,以是不属于此类)
④ 双写末了一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规矩动词(此类词并无规矩,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的本相和曩昔式:sing–sang、eat–ate
see-saw , have–had
do–did , go-went
take–took , buy–bought
get–got , read–read
fly–flew , am/is -was
are–were , say–said
leave–left , swim–swam
tell–told draw–drew
come–came , lose–lost
find-found , drink–drank
hurt–hurt , feel–felt
(3)一样平常未来时:
根本布局:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(来日诰日). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)如今进行时:
am,is,are+动词如今分词
动词如今分词详解 动词的ing情势的组成规矩:
① 一样平常的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写末了一个字母的(此类动词少少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
句法
1.陈说句
(1)确定句:是指用确定的语气来陈说的句子
如:I’m a student.
She is a doctor.
(2)、否认句:含有否认词或表现否认意义词的句子
如:I’m not a student.
She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
2. 疑问句
一样平常疑问句:是指扣问事实的句子,此类句子必需用“yes”,或“no”往返答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开首领导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不克不及用“yes 、no”往返答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表现:在某地有某物(某人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 若有几件物品,be 动词依据最*近be 动词的谁人名词决议。
3、there be 句型的否认句在be 动词后加not , 一样平常疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表现在某地有某物(某人);have(has) 表现或人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于确定句, any 用于否认句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于确定句, or 用于否认句或疑问句。
7、针对数目提问的特殊疑问句的根本布局是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 弗成数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的根本布局是:
What’s + 介词短语?
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