英语教学|超实用6个英语翻译技巧，彻底告别中式英文
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一、确立骨干
1、确立主语
（1）避免主语机器对应
这个地域雨比拟多。
It rains a lot in this area.
（2）方位词或光阴词在主语地位
山下住着一位老太婆。
There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.
（3）用it做主语翻译主语是复合布局的汉语
例1：信不信是你的事。
It is your concern whether you believe me or not.
例2：最好是等他们回来。
It is advisable to wait till they come back.
例3：勤能补拙
It is diligence that makes for deficiency.
2、确立谓语：英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表布局担任
例1：在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。
We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationship.
例2：当他在世一天，总要只管即便多事情、多进修，不愿虚度韶华，不让光阴白白地挥霍失落。
As long as he is living, he always works and studies as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.
二、语序调整
1、定语的地位：英语中，单词充任定语时多为前置，短语和从句充任定语时多为后置。
好比：垂纶是一项能熏陶性情的活动，有益于身心康健。
Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.
2、状语的地位
好比：他是1970年5月20日在北京旭日区出身的。
He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.
3、汉英语言叙事重心分歧：汉语先叙事，后亮相或评论，以凸起话题，这叫主题句。汉译英有时会译为失落尾句，即先亮相或评论，后叙事，以凸起主语。
好比：万一有什么艰苦，给我们一个信。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
4、汉英语言强弱词语的次序分歧：英语遵循前轻后重，前简后繁的原则。
例1：救死扶伤，履行革命的人性主义。
Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism.
例2：一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.
5、否认的转移
例1：不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电机能。
All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.
例2：我的同伙都不抽烟。
None of my friends smoke.
6、习气用法
例1：衣食住行是老庶民关怀的年夜问题。
Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people.
例2：他啼饥号寒，吃了不少苦。
He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
三、正反交换
1、汉语正说，英语反译
好比：谁人房间的窗户老是关着的。
The windows of that room were never open.
2、汉语反说，英语反译
1）汉语用“无、不、没、非”等词表现全体否认，在英语中可用no, not, none, nothing, nor, neither等词以及否认前缀、后缀等来对应翻译。
好比：进修外语离不开好的辞书。
A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.
2）汉语用“决不、永不、从不”等词表现绝对否认，在英语中可用never, not at all, by no means等进行对译。
好比：在任何环境下我们都不该该废弃愿望。
Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.
3）汉语用“并非老是”“不是太”等表现部门否认，在英语中可用not every, not much, not always等进行对译。
好比：他并不老是吃蛋糕。
He doesn't always eat cake.
4）汉语顶用“险些不、很少”等表现半否认，在英语中可用barely, hardly, seldom等进行对译。
好比：她很少去健身房，除了放假。
She seldom goes to the gym except for holidays.
3、汉语反说，英语正译：英语中有一类词情势上是确定的，但意义上是否认的，在翻译汉语否认句时，可以直接使用。
例1：生涯远非净是乐事。
Life is far from being a bed of roses.
例2：景致美得无以言表。
The scenery is too beautiful to describe.
4、双重否认的翻译：汉译英的双重否认用“否认词+not”来处置。
例1：没有你的赞助，我是不克不及按时完成这一事情的。
But for your help, I should not have finished the work in time.
例2：人不会不犯差错。
It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.
四、语态对译
1、汉语中的很多隐性被动布局在英译文中药转为显性。
如：保举我的是一位传授。
I was recommended by a professor.
2、汉语泛称如“有人”、“年夜家”等做主语时，英译时多使用被动布局;含有“听说”等不定人称的词语时，通常比拟固定的用被动布局进行英译中。
如：有人说他昨天去纽约了。
It is said that he went to New York yesterday.
3、汉语表现被动的句子在译为英语时，也可能转为自动句：一是表现“开端”、“停止”意义的不及物动词;二是表现“移位”、“运转”意义的动词;三是无灵主语的动作正在进行时。
蔬菜正在锅里做着。
The vegetables are cooking.
五、长句翻译
1、原序对译：针对单一主语长句，症结是分清逻辑中心和条理。
例1：我在山坡的小屋里，静静掀起窗帘，窥见园中年夜千天下，一片闹热热烈繁华。
Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain of my small room, only to spy a bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden.
例2：最为常见的是，一小我走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯动手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中间照样茅厕阁下。
We are very familiar with the scene when a person suddenly stopped his/her steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at the phone, not caring about his/her stopping in the road center or beside the restroom.
2、分句合译
例1：它们险些没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这标致的黄昏。
Hardly any of them cares to look up and throws a glance at the beautiful twilight.
例2：一小我的性命毕竟有多年夜意义，这有什么尺度可以权衡吗?
Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of one’s life?
3、断句分译
例：一个春天的薄暮，园中百花怒放，怙恃在园中设席，霎时来宾云集，笑语四溢。
One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.
4、主、次信息句
例：活着纪之交的巨大期间，我们的故国正在走向繁华强盛，海峡两岸人平易近也将增强交流，配合推动故国同一年夜业早日完成。
At the turn of century, as our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of our motherland.
六、无主句
例：然则，年夜体上看一小我看待性命的立场是否严肃认真，对待他看待事情、生涯的立场若何，也就不难对这小我的存在意义做出恰当的估量了。
However, if we, on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what is his attitude towards his life and work, it would not be difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of one’s life.
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